Development of a biotechnology literacy instrument for undergraduate science students: Validity and reliability analysis using structural equation modeling
Nur Hayati 1 2 , Herawati Susilo 1 * , Ibrohim Ibrohim 1 , Balqis Balqis 1
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1 Department of Biology, Universitas Negeri Malang, INDONESIA2 Natural Science Education Study Program, Universitas Hasyim Asy’ari Tebuireng Jombang, INDONESIA* Corresponding Author

Abstract

Biotechnology literacy is essential for enhancing students’ ability to comprehend and critically assess biotechnological applications. However, standardized biotechnology literacy instruments tailored to the context of science students in Indonesia remain limited. This study aims to test the validity and reliability of a biotechnology literacy instrument using a SEM approach with CFA. A total of 340 science students participated in this study. The instrument tested consisted of 59 items based on the constructs of knowledge, perception, and attitude. The analysis results indicated a reasonably good model fit (RMSEA = 0.071; RMR = 0.028; CFI = 0.903; GFI = 0.909), adequate construct validity (factor loadings = 0.163-0.837), and acceptable internal reliability (CR = 0.62-0.68). Furthermore, the three constructs were significantly correlated, although the correlation coefficients did not all exceed the threshold. These findings confirm that the tested instrument is sufficiently valid and reliable for measuring biotechnology literacy among science students in Indonesia; however, further refinement is needed to improve the quality of measurement.

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This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Article Type: Research Article

PEDAGOGICAL RES, Volume 11, Issue 2, April 2026, Article No: em0266

https://doi.org/10.29333/pr/18608

Publication date: 26 May 2026

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Article Downloads: 2

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