Abstract
This commentary re-conceptualized pedagogical content knowledge (PCK) and topic-specific pedagogical content knowledge (TSPCK) as dual frameworks that go beyond improving instructional delivery to actively shaping student outcomes in the context of 21st century education. Drawing on selected literature published between 2008 and 2024, the analysis includes studies that directly examine the relationship between PCK/TSPCK and student learning outcomes such as conceptual understanding, problem-solving, and cognitive engagement as well as those exploring their integration in digitally enhanced learning environments. Studies included 25 published articles that provided empirical or theoretical insight into how PCK/TSPCK supports adaptive pedagogy in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics education and excluded if they only discussed general teacher competence without linking to learner outcomes or digital contexts. The commentary argues that in technology-supported classrooms, PCK and TSPCK must be reframed as dynamic, learner-centered constructs essential for aligning instructional strategies with digital fluency and educational equity.
License
This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Article Type: Review Article
PEDAGOGICAL RES, Volume 10, Issue 3, July 2025, Article No: em0247
https://doi.org/10.29333/pr/16854
Publication date: 02 Sep 2025
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