Improving critical thinking skills in mathematics: Implementation of the M6 learning model

Ardi Dwi Susandi; Cholis Sa’dijah; Susiswo Susiswo

doi:10.29333/pr/18773

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Ardi Dwi Susandi ¹ ^* , Cholis Sa’dijah ² , Susiswo Susiswo ²

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¹ Universitas Terbuka, INDONESIA² Universitas Negeri Malang, INDONESIA^* Corresponding Author

Abstract

This study aimed to develop an M6 learning model that meets the criteria of practicality and effectiveness in improving the mathematical critical thinking skills of Grade VIII students. This research employs a Research and Development (R&D) design. The product developed in this study takes the form of an M6 learning model book along with its supporting tools. The quality of the M6 learning model was assessed using the instruments developed for this purpose. The study focused specifically on whether the M6 learning model met the predetermined practicality and effectiveness indicators for improving students’ mathematical critical thinking skills. The average implementation scores of the learning model in Trial I and Trial II were 3.12 and 3.54, respectively, indicating that both fell within the practical category. The average student activity scores from Trial I and Trial II were 2.65 and 3.41, respectively, indicating that students were in the active category. The average student response scores in Trial I and Trial II were 2.54 and 2.73, respectively, indicating a positive class response.

Keywords

improving
critical thinking skills
implementation
M6 learning model

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This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Article Type: Research Article

PEDAGOGICAL RES, Volume 11, Issue 3, July 2026, Article No: em0271

https://doi.org/10.29333/pr/18773

Publication date: 01 Jul 2026

Online publication date: 18 Jun 2026

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How to cite this article

APA

Susandi, A. D., Sa’dijah, C., & Susiswo, S. (2026). Improving critical thinking skills in mathematics: Implementation of the M6 learning model. Pedagogical Research, 11(3), em0271. https://doi.org/10.29333/pr/18773

Vancouver

Susandi AD, Sa’dijah C, Susiswo S. Improving critical thinking skills in mathematics: Implementation of the M6 learning model. PEDAGOGICAL RES. 2026;11(3):em0271. https://doi.org/10.29333/pr/18773

AMA

Susandi AD, Sa’dijah C, Susiswo S. Improving critical thinking skills in mathematics: Implementation of the M6 learning model. PEDAGOGICAL RES. 2026;11(3), em0271. https://doi.org/10.29333/pr/18773

Chicago

Susandi, Ardi Dwi, Cholis Sa’dijah, and Susiswo Susiswo. "Improving critical thinking skills in mathematics: Implementation of the M6 learning model". Pedagogical Research 2026 11 no. 3 (2026): em0271. https://doi.org/10.29333/pr/18773

Harvard

Susandi, A. D., Sa’dijah, C., and Susiswo, S. (2026). Improving critical thinking skills in mathematics: Implementation of the M6 learning model. Pedagogical Research, 11(3), em0271. https://doi.org/10.29333/pr/18773

MLA

Susandi, Ardi Dwi et al. "Improving critical thinking skills in mathematics: Implementation of the M6 learning model". Pedagogical Research, vol. 11, no. 3, 2026, em0271. https://doi.org/10.29333/pr/18773